MicroLED Display Technology and Market Outlook

Report Summary

MicroLEDs have garnered a lot of interest because of the potential advantages over other flat-panel display technologies, most notably in high efficiency, high brightness, high color saturation, faster response rate, and longer lifetime. This unique combination of features would make MicroLED the superior display for many applications, ranging from super large TVs to microdisplays for use in AR/VR headsets. The ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions is also particularly attractive for the automotive industry.

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    Latest Version - November 2023

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MicroLEDs have garnered a lot of interest because of the potential advantages over other flat-panel display technologies, most notably in high efficiency, high brightness, high color saturation, faster response rate, and longer lifetime. This unique combination of features would make MicroLED the superior display for many applications, ranging from super large TVs to microdisplays for use in AR/VR headsets. The ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions is also particularly attractive for the automotive industry.

MicroLEDs have generated a lot of hype, but also a lot of confusion amongst the mainstream media. This is because MicroLED displays can be manufactured in different ways, and each one will bring its own set of challenges and possible applications.

The report covers the two general manufacturing methods: monolithic or mass transfer. The monolithic approach is the preferred route to make microdisplays that are below 1-inch in diagonal and with a very high pixel density above 2,000 PPI. These miniature displays are very promising for AR/VR since they can achieve millions of nits in brightness without sacrificing contrast or compactness. However, obtaining a full color display has proven to be a challenge.

The mass transfer approach consists in moving a large number of individual MicroLEDs on the display substrate. This method can, in theory, produce displays of any size, including large TVs above 100-inch in diagonal. There are currently several mass transfer technologies under development.

Samsung has already commercialized MicroLED TVs but the price is still out of reach for the consumer market. Future MicroLED TVs will be based on smaller LED chips, which will help reduce the total BoM of the display. However, shrinking the LED chips too much can have an impact on efficiency and affect the performance of the display.

The report covers all these issues in detail and shows the various solutions under development by the MicroLED industry. The report also includes market forecasts to 2028, segmented by applications.

Topics Covered Include:
  • Epitaxy and efficiency challenges
  • Mass transfer technologies
  • Yield and defect management strategies
  • Color conversion with quantum dots
  • Backplanes and driving schemes
  • Monolithic displays
  • Cost analysis (epiwafers, backplanes, QD color conversion, transfer costs)
  • Competitive landscape
Companies Mentioned
  • Aledia
  • ALLOS
  • Ams OSRAM
  • Apple
  • AUO
  • Coherent
  • eLux
  • Ennostar
  • Foxconn
  • GE
  • Google
  • Jade Bird Display
  • K&S
  • Konka
  • Lumileds
  • Meta
  • MICLEDI Microdisplays
  • Mojo Vision
  • Nanosys
  • PlayNitride
  • Plessey Semiconductors
  • Porotech
  • Samsung
  • Seoul Viosys
  • Snap
  • Sony
  • TCL
  • VueReal
  • Vuzix
  • X Display
  • Xiaomi
Table of Contents (NEW 2023)

1. Introduction and Executive Summary p.5

  • Recent Announcements
  • Market Forecast Summary
  • Overview of MicroLED Applications
  • MicroLED Manufacturing Routes

2. MicroLED Supply Chain p.23

  • Samsung
  • Apple
  • Meta
  • Snap
  • Google
  • Vuzix
  • Xiaomi
  • TCL
  • Konka
  • Sony
  • Ennostar
  • PlayNitride
  • AUO
  • BOE HC Semitek
  • Foxconn / Sharp
  • Seoul Viosys
  • Ams OSRAM
  • Aledia
  • Saphlux
  • VueReal
  • Jade Bird Display
  • MICLEDI Microdisplays
  • Plessey Semiconductors
  • Mojo Vision
  • Porotech

3. Epitaxy & Chip Manufacturing p.67

  • Epitaxy by MOCVD
  • 2D vs. 3D MicroLEDs (Nanowires)
  • Sapphire vs. Silicon Substrates
  • Chip Structure

4. MicroLED Efficiency p.93

  • External Quantum Efficiency (EQE)
  • Why Efficiency is a Challenge
  • Improving MicroLED Performance
  • OLED Efficiency Roadmap

5. Monolithic MicroLED Displays p.113

  • Monolithic Displays
  • Various Approaches to Hybridization
  • Sapphire vs. Silicon Wafers
  • CMOS Backplane
  • Wafer Mismatch
  • Micro-optics
  • How to Make Full Color Displays
  • Combining Displays
  • QD Color Conversion
  • Native Colors
  • Tuneable Wavelength

6. Mass Transfer Process p.148

  • Overview of Mass Transfer Processes
  • Stamp Based
  • Laser-Assisted
  • Fluidic Assembly
  • Continuous/Semi-continuous
  • Other Techniques

7. Yield and Defect Management p.201

  • Yield Management with Mass Transfer
  • Redundancy
  • Test and Repair
  • Defect Management and Compensation
  • Defects in Monolithic Displays

8. Color Conversion p.221

  • Quantum Dot Color Conversion (QDCC)
  • Photolithography Vs Inkjet Printing
  • Key Optical Properties for QDCC: Blue Absorption, External Quantum Efficiency, Color Gamut
  • Key Players and Demos
  • Perovskites
  • Phosphors

9. Display Driving and Backplane p.248

  • Challenges of Driving MicroLEDs
  • Passive Matrix
  • Active Matrix TFT Backplanes
  • Microdriver IC
  • Smart Pixels

10. Additional Functionality for MicroLED p.267

  • Transparent Display
  • Flexible Display
  • Embedded Sensors

11. MicroLED Cost Analysis p.278

  • Epiwafer Consumption
  • Backplane Cost
  • Mass Transfer Cycles
  • Quantum Dot Color Converter Cost
  • Cost Reduction Strategies

12. MicroLED Market Analysis and Forecasts p.296

  • Flat Panel Display Market Overview
  • Competitive Landscape
  • Shipment and Revenue Forecasts (to 2028)
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